Wetlands are some of the most productive and diverse ecological systems on Earth. They are distinguished by unique characteristics of plants, soils, and water. Common wetland types in Kane County include marshes, wet meadows, fens, and bogs. Kane County also has varied streams, a number of which are high quality.

Wetlands, lakes, and streams provide habitat and food for fish and wildlife. They also contain diverse assemblages of plants, both common and rare. Statewide, over 40 percent of Illinois' threatened and endangerd plant and animal species rely on wetlands.

Wetlands also are critical to the control of flooding. They store vast quantities of runoff water during floods and release it slowly to rivers and streams as the flood recedes. The storage and slow release of runoff water by wetlands helps to prevent erosion in downstream channels, and stabilizes the baseflow in streams and rivers.

Wetlands also protect water quality. Wetlands bordering the banks of lakes and streams prevent erosion by holding the soil in place and defelcting erosive flows and waves. Wetlands also are able to remove sediment, nutrients, and toxic chemicals from runoff water.

Wetlands provide numerous other benefits as well. Wetlands, lakes, and streams are prized for recreation, including fishing, swimming, boating, birding, hiking, and hunting. Wetlands and stream corridors enhance natural aesthetics and serve as buffers between adjacent developments.